刚刚去看了CNN那篇文章,第一段这样写的:“Many sugar-sweetened beverages have little to no nutritional value and lots of calories, and their harmful health effects have been well-documented. Now, a study links drinking too many sugary beverages -- and even 100% natural fruit juices -- to an increased risk of early death.”人家承认了含糖饮料的危害性早就被研究记录过了(well-documented),所以后一句单独强调了果汁(100% natural fruit juices)。 另一篇US News的文章更是开门见山:“Most folks know that sugary drinks aren't healthy, but a new study finds fruit juices are not much better. In fact, consuming them regularly may help shorten your life, researchers say.” 继续往下看,“Seven US cities, including New York and most recently Philadelphia, have levied taxes on sweetened drinks with added sugar in an effort to reduce consumption. These laws often highlight how soda and other sugary beverages contribute to the obesity epidemic among kids and high rates of diabetes among adults. The new study defined "sugary beverages" as both sugar-sweetened thirst-quenchers, like soda and fruit-flavored infusions, and 100% natural fruit juices that have no added sugar. ”明显可以看出,CNN用费城和纽约的tax是为了说明这些加税法案强调了苏打和其他含糖饮料的影响,而这项研究相较之还认为纯果汁也属于含糖饮料(即使在其没有加糖的情况下)。而不是像环球写的,先有研究然后就加税。
更有意思的是,JAMA Network Open在5月14日(那篇文章发表前三天)发表了一篇文章,Association of a Beverage Tax on Sugar-Sweetened and Artificially Sweetened Beverages With Changes in Beverage Prices and Sales at Chain Retailers in a Large Urban Setting。文章的Introduction写道:“Seven US cities have implemented beverage excise taxes, where the tax is levied on the distribution of beverages and may only be partially passed through to consumers. Philadelphia implemented an excise tax of 1.5 cents per ounce on the distribution of sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened drinks on January 1, 2017.”说明加税是在2017年了……这就很尴尬了
CNN那篇最后是这么写的:“This is one of the first studies to examine the relationship between sugary drinks, including 100% fruit juices, and early death, wrote Marta Guasch-Ferré, a research scientist in the Department of Nutrition at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Dr. Frank B. Hu, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, in an editorial published alongside the new study.”也就是说,研究的是含糖果汁与早死(early death)的关系,而且是最早的研究之一,而且结论是定量的哟!文章的价值也就在这儿了。(这人是哈佛医学院的,我复制这段也是想让大佬给背背书,毕竟不好说哈佛医学院的也反智吧……)
呃……CNN那篇文章用一句话赞扬了这篇文章,后面却跟了五大段来写人家的缺点:“However, the study is limited in what it can tell us, noted Guasch-Ferré and Hu, who were not involved in the research. Because so few coronary heart disease-related deaths occurred, the analysis here is considered weak; more time and a higher number of participants would probably give a stronger signal either way. Also, each participant's sugary drink consumption was recorded at the start of the study only, based entirely on self-reporting, which is not considered reliable.”这是其中一段,评价人甚至连研究方法not considered reliable都说了……